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Three DNA polymerases - Pol α, Pol δ and Pol e{open} - are essential for DNA replication. After initiation of DNA synthesis by Pol α, Pol δ or Pol e{open} take over on the lagging and leading strand respectively. Pol δ and Pol e{open} perform the bulk of replication with very high fidelity, which is ensured by Watson-Crick base pairing and 3'exonuclease (proofreading) activity. Yeast models have shown that mutations in the exonuclease domain of Pol δ and Pol e{open} homologues can cause a mutator phenotype. Recently, we identified germline exonuclease domain mutations (EDMs) in human POLD1 and POLE that predispose to 'polymerase proofreading associated polyposis' (PPAP), a disease characterised by multiple colorectal adenomas and carcinoma, with high penetrance and dominant inheritance. Moreover, somatic EDMs in POLE have also been found in sporadic colorectal and endometrial cancers. Tumors with EDMs are microsatellite stable and show an 'ultramutator' phenotype, with a dramatic increase in base substitutions. © 2014 The Authors.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.gde.2013.12.005

Type

Journal article

Journal

Current Opinion in Genetics and Development

Publication Date

01/02/2014

Volume

24

Pages

107 - 113