The Use of Exhaled Nitric Oxide to Guide Asthma Management

Abstract Rationale Current asthma guidelines recommend adjusting antiinflammatory treatment on the basis of the results of lung function tests and symptom assessment, neither of which are closely associated with airway inflammation. Objectives We tested the hypothesis that titrating corticosteroid dose using the concentration of exhaled nitric oxide in exhaled breath (FeNO) results in fewer asthma exacerbations and more efficient use of corticosteroids, when compared with traditional management. Methods One hundred eighteen participants with a primary care diagnosis of asthma were randomized to a single-blind trial of corticosteroid therapy based on either FeNO measurements (n = 58) or British Thoracic Society guidelines (n = 60). Participants were assessed monthly for 4 months and then every 2 months for a further 8 months. The primary outcome was the number of severe asthma exacerbations. Analyses were by intention to treat. Measurements and Main Results The estimated mean (SD) exacerbation frequency was 0.33 per patient per year (0.69) in the FeNO group and 0.42 (0.79) in the control group (mean difference, −21%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −57 to 43%; p = 0.43). Overall the FeNO group used 11% more inhaled corticosteroid (95% CI, −17 to 42%; p = 0.40), although the final daily dose of inhaled corticosteroid was lower in the FeNO group (557 vs. 895 μg; mean difference, 338 μg; 95% CI, −640 to −37; p = 0.028). Conclusions An asthma treatment strategy based on the measurement of exhaled nitric oxide did not result in a large reduction in asthma exacerbations or in the total amount of inhaled corticosteroid therapy used over 12 mo, when compared with current asthma guidelines. Clinical trial registered with www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN08067387).