The Application of Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing in Vaccinology

Single‐cell RNA sequencing allows highly detailed profiling of cellular immune responses from limited‐volume samples, advancing prospects of a new era of systems immunology. The power of single‐cell RNA sequencing offers various opportunities to decipher the immune response to infectious diseases and vaccines. Here, we describe the potential uses of single‐cell RNA sequencing methods in prophylactic vaccine development, concentrating on infectious diseases including COVID‐19. Using examples from several diseases, we review how single‐cell RNA sequencing has been used to evaluate the immunological response to different vaccine platforms and regimens. By highlighting published and unpublished single‐cell RNA sequencing studies relevant to vaccinology, we discuss some general considerations how the field could be enriched with the widespread adoption of this technology.