Contact information

Email
calman.maclennan@ndm.ox.ac.uk

PA
Raquel Gomez-Menor Munoz
raquel.gomez-menor@ndm.ox.ac.uk

Website
https://www.jenner.ac.uk/

Colleges

Green Templeton College

Calman A. MacLennan

BM, BCh, DPhil, FHEA, FRCP, FRCPath

Professor of Vaccine Immunology (University of Birmingham)

Jenner Investigator and Group Leader - Gonococcal Vaccine Project, Jenner Institute
Director of BactiVac, the Bacterial Vaccines Network, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
Consultant Immunologist, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Senior Program Officer, Bacterial Vaccines, Global Health, Enteric & Diarrheal Diseases, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, US

Vaccinologist, Immunologist & Clinician Scientist focused on bacterial infections and AMR

Calman MacLennan is a clinician scientist, vaccinologist and immunologist who joined the Jenner Institute in 2015. For the past 25 years, his career has focused on understanding mechanisms of immunological of protection against bacterial infections of global health significance and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) concern. This knowledge has then been applied to the development of protective vaccines.

With experience of vaccine development in academia and industry, he has been involved in the development of several bacterial vaccines including one licensed vaccine against typhoid and other vaccines currently in clinical trials.

He leads the Gonococcal Vaccine Project which is using native Outer Membrane Vesicle (nOMV) technology to develop a candidate vaccine against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhoea. Gonorrhoea infects 82.4 million people each year and is rapidly becoming resistant to all known antibiotics.

Professor MacLennan is the founder and director of BactiVac, the Bacterial Vaccines Network, a worldwide network based out of the University of Birmingham with a mission to accelerate the development of vaccines against bacterial pathogens as a countermeasure to AMR. He is a Consultant Immunologist at the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.

Key publications

Threshold protective levels of serum IgG to Shigella lipopolysaccharide: re-analysis of Shigella vaccine trials data.

Cohen D. et al, (2023), Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 29, 366 - 371

Impact and Control of Sugar Size in Glycoconjugate Vaccines.

Stefanetti G. et al, (2022), Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 27

The Shigella Vaccines Pipeline.

MacLennan CA. et al, (2022), Vaccines, 10

Critical Needs in Advancing Shigella Vaccines for Global Health

MacLennan CA. et al, (2022), The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 225, 1500 - 1503

Short Vi-polysaccharide abrogates T-independent immune response and hyporesponsiveness elicited by long Vi-CRM197conjugate vaccine

Micoli F. et al, (2020), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117, 24443 - 24449

Outer membrane vesicle vaccines

Micoli F. and MacLennan CA., (2020), Seminars in Immunology, 50, 101433 - 101433

Comparative immunogenicity and efficacy of equivalent outer membrane vesicle and glycoconjugate vaccines against nontyphoidal Salmonella

Micoli F. et al, (2018), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115, 10428 - 10433

Presentation of life-threatening invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in Malawian children: A prospective observational study

MacLennan CA. et al, (2017), PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11, e0006027 - e0006027

Contribution of factor H-Binding protein sequence to the cross-reactivity of meningococcal native outer membrane vesicle vaccines with over-expressed fHbp variant group 1

Marini A. et al, (2017), PLOS ONE, 12, e0181508 - e0181508

Cytokine Profiles in Malawian Children Presenting with Uncomplicated Malaria, Severe Malarial Anemia, and Cerebral Malaria

Mandala WL. et al, (2017), Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 24

A Systematic Review of the Incidence, Risk Factors and Case Fatality Rates of Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) Disease in Africa (1966 to 2014)

Uche IV. et al, (2017), PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11, e0005118 - e0005118

Characterization of O-antigen delivered by Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) vaccine candidates against nontyphoidal Salmonella

De Benedetto G. et al, (2017), Vaccine, 35, 419 - 426

Brief Report: Immunization of HIV-Infected Adults in the UK With Haemophilus influenzae b/Meningococcal C Glycoconjugate and Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines

MacLennan CA. et al, (2016), JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 73, 287 - 293

Cytokine Profiles during Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease Predict Outcome in African Children

Gilchrist JJ. et al, (2016), Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 23, 601 - 609

Bactericidal Immunity to Salmonella in Africans and Mechanisms Causing Its Failure in HIV Infection

Goh YS. et al, (2016), PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10, e0004604 - e0004604

Monoclonal Antibodies of a Diverse Isotype Induced by an O-Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccine Mediate In Vitro and In Vivo Killing of African Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella

Goh YS. et al, (2015), Infection and Immunity, 83, 3722 - 3731

Genetic susceptibility to invasive Salmonella disease

Gilchrist JJ. et al, (2015), Nature Reviews Immunology, 15, 452 - 463

Design of Glycoconjugate Vaccines against Invasive African Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Rondini S. et al, (2015), Infection and Immunity, 83, 996 - 1007

Vaccines against poverty

MacLennan CA. and Saul A., (2014), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 12307 - 12312

A broadly-protective vaccine against meningococcal disease in sub-Saharan Africa based on Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA)

Koeberling O. et al, (2014), Vaccine, 32, 2688 - 2695

Development of a glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent meningitis in Africa caused by meningococcal serogroup X

Micoli F. et al, (2013), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 19077 - 19082

Dysregulated Humoral Immunity to Nontyphoidal Salmonella in HIV-Infected African Adults

MacLennan CA. et al, (2010), Science, 328, 508 - 512

Importance of antibody and complement for oxidative burst and killing of invasive nontyphoidalSalmonellaby blood cells in Africans

Gondwe EN. et al, (2010), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 3070 - 3075

The neglected role of antibody in protection against bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella in African children

MacLennan CA. et al, (2008), Journal of Clinical Investigation, 118, 1553 - 1562

Recent publications

The age-specific concentrations and seroprevalence of antibodies against Salmonella Enteritidis (O:9) and Salmonella Typhimurium (O:4,5) across three sites in Kenya.

Muthumbi EM. et al, (2026), The Journal of infectious diseases

Vaccines and antimicrobial resistance: from science to policy—summary and outcomes

MacLennan CA. et al, (2026), Philosophical Transactions B, 381

Lessons from COVID-19: the 100 Days Mission and antimicrobial resistance

Hatchett R. and MacLennan CA., (2026), Philosophical Transactions B, 381

Vaccines and antimicrobial resistance: from science to policy—introduction

MacLennan CA. and Davies S., (2026), Philosophical Transactions B, 381

The immunology of infection

Gilchrist JJ. et al, (2026), Medicine United Kingdom, 54, 1 - 8

Estimating the economic burden of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in low- and middle-income countries.

Lee J-S. et al, (2025), BMJ global health, 10

Cross-comparison study of three ELISA methodologies to measure Shigella Sonnei O-antigen serum IgG.

Stickings P. et al, (2025), mSphere, 10

Non-typhoidal Salmonella combination vaccines: clinical development plan and regulatory considerations.

Excler J-L. et al, (2025), Vaccine, 62

Treatment outcomes in patients with VEXAS syndrome: a retrospective cohort study.

Al-Hakim A. et al, (2025), The Lancet. Rheumatology, 7, e472 - e484

The TyphiNET data visualisation dashboard: unlocking Salmonella Typhi genomics data to support public health

Dyson ZA. et al, (2025), Genome Medicine, 17

Consultation report - considerations for a regulatory pathway for bivalent Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi A vaccines for use in endemic countries.

Ibarz-Pavon AB. et al, (2025), Vaccine, 56

BactiVac, the Bacterial Vaccines Network.

MacLennan CA. et al, (2025), Vaccine, 57

Landscape analysis of invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (iNTS) disease and iNTS vaccine use case and demand: Report of a WHO expert consultation.

Emary K. et al, (2025), Vaccine, 55

Comparison of short- and long-term humoral immune responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide and glycoconjugate vaccines in an HIV-infected population.

Faustini SE. et al, (2024), The Journal of infection, 89

Evaluation of a Quadrivalent Shigella flexneri Serotype 2a, 3a, 6, and Shigella sonnei O-Specific Polysaccharide and IpaB MAPS Vaccine.

Boerth EM. et al, (2024), Vaccines, 12

The 2022 Vaccines Against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VASE) Conference: Summary of breakout workshops.

Baqar S. et al, (2024), Vaccine, 42, 1445 - 1453

Optimizing Vaccine Trials for Enteric Diseases: The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study.

Vannice K. et al, (2024), Open forum infectious diseases, 11, S1 - S5

IgG Serum Antibodies to Shigella sonnei Lipopolysaccharide Are Inversely Associated with the Incidence of Culture-Proven S. sonnei Shigellosis in Israeli Children and Adolescents.

Asato V. et al, (2024), Vaccines, 12

Clinical and regulatory development strategies for Shigella vaccines intended for children younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries.

Giersing BK. et al, (2023), The Lancet. Global health, 11, e1819 - e1826

Vi polysaccharide and conjugated vaccines afford similar early, IgM or IgG-independent control of infection but boosting with conjugated Vi vaccines sustains the efficacy of immune responses.

Jossi SE. et al, (2023), Frontiers in immunology, 14

Genetic and Structural Variation in the O-Antigen of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates Causing Bloodstream Infections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Van Puyvelde S. et al, (2022), mBio, 13

Critical Needs in Advancing Shigella Vaccines for Global Health

MacLennan CA. et al, (2022), The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 225, 1500 - 1503

Pivotal Shigella Vaccine Efficacy Trials-Study Design Considerations from a Shigella Vaccine Trial Design Working Group.

Pavlinac PB. et al, (2022), Vaccines, 10

An adsorption method to prepare specific antibody-depleted normal human serum as a source of complement for human serum bactericidal assays for Salmonella

Siggins MK. and MacLennan CA., (2021), Vaccine, 39, 7503 - 7509

Short Vi-polysaccharide abrogates T-independent immune response and hyporesponsiveness elicited by long Vi-CRM197conjugate vaccine

Micoli F. et al, (2020), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117, 24443 - 24449

Outer membrane vesicle vaccines

Micoli F. and MacLennan CA., (2020), Seminars in Immunology, 50, 101433 - 101433

Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines and Enteric Fever Control: Where to Next?

Steele AD. et al, (2020), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71, S185 - S190

Gonococcal vaccines: Public health value and preferred product characteristics; report of a WHO global stakeholder consultation, January 2019

Gottlieb SL. et al, (2020), Vaccine, 38, 4362 - 4373

The Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa Program: Study Design and Methodology to Assess Disease Severity, Host Immunity, and Carriage Associated With Invasive Salmonellosis

Park SE. et al, (2019), Clinical Infectious Diseases, 69, S422 - S434

Genomic characterization of novel Neisseria species

Diallo K. et al, (2019), Scientific Reports, 9

How can controlled human infection models accelerate clinical development and policy pathways for vaccines against Shigella?

Giersing BK. et al, (2019), Vaccine, 37, 4778 - 4783

Cross-sectional study of IgG antibody levels to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella LPS O-antigen with age in Uganda

Stockdale L. et al, (2019), Gates Open Research, 3, 1501 - 1501

Bacterial flagellin promotes viral entry via an NF-kB and Toll Like Receptor 5 dependent pathway.

Benedikz EK. et al, (2019), Scientific reports, 9

Rapid transcriptional responses to serum exposure are associated with sensitivity and resistance to antibody-mediated complement killing in invasive Salmonella Typhimurium ST313

Ondari EM. et al, (2019), Wellcome Open Research, 4, 74 - 74

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Contact information

Colleges

Calman A. MacLennan

Key publications

Recent publications