Genomic assessment of quarantine measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 importation and transmission
Aggarwal D., Page AJ., Schaefer U., Savva GM., Myers R., Volz E., Ellaby N., Platt S., Groves N., Gallagher E., Tumelty NM., Le Viet T., Hughes GJ., Chen C., Turner C., Logan S., Harrison A., Koshy C., Ash A., Wise E., Moore N., Mori M., Cortes N., Lynch J., Kidd S., Fairley DJ., Curran T., McKenna JP., Adams H., Fraser C., Golubchik T., Bonsall D., Hassan-Ibrahim MO., Malone CS., Cogger BJ., Wantoch M., Reynolds N., Warne B., Maksimovic J., Spellman K., McCluggage K., John M., Beer R., Afifi S., Morgan S., Marchbank A., Price A., Kitchen C., Gulliver H., Merrick I., Southgate J., Guest M., Munn R., Workman T., Connor TR., Fuller W., Bresner C., Snell LB., Patel A., Charalampous T., Nebbia G., Batra R., Edgeworth J., Robson SC., Beckett AH., Aanensen DM., Underwood AP., Yeats CA., Abudahab K., Taylor BEW., Menegazzo M., Clark G., Smith W., Khakh M., Fleming VM., Lister MM., Howson-Wells HC., Berry L., Boswell T., Joseph A., Willingham I., Jones C., Holmes C., Bird P., Helmer T., Fallon 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Rowan A., Taylor GP., Smollett KL., Loman NJ., Quick J., McMurray C., Stockton J., Nicholls S., Rowe W., Poplawski R., McNally A., Nunez RTM., Mason J., Robinson TI., O’Toole E., Watts J., Breen C., Cowell A., Sluga G., Machin NW., Ahmad SSY., George RP., Halstead F., Sivaprakasam V., Hogsden W., Illingworth CJ., Jackson C., Thomson EC., Shepherd JG., Asamaphan P., Niebel MO., Li KK., Shah RN., Jesudason NG., Tong L., Broos A., Mair D., Nichols J., Carmichael SN., Nomikou K., Aranday-Cortes E., Johnson N., Starinskij I., da Silva Filipe A., Robertson DL., Orton RJ., Hughes J., Vattipally S., Singer JB., Nickbakhsh S., Hale AD., Macfarlane-Smith LR., Harper KL., Carden H., Taha Y., Payne BAI., Burton-Fanning S., Waugh S., Collins J., Eltringham G., Rushton S., O’Brien S., Bradley A., Maclean A., Mollett G., Blacow R., Templeton KE., McHugh MP., Dewar R., Wastenge E., Dervisevic S., Stanley R., Meader EJ., Coupland L., Smith L., Graham C., Barton E., Padgett D., Scott G., Swindells E., 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SAJ., Tonkin-Hill G., Weldon D., Rajan D., Bronner IF., Aigrain L., Redshaw NM., Lensing SV., Davies R., Whitwham A., Liddle J., Lewis K., Tovar-Corona JM., Leonard S., Durham J., Bassett AR., McCarthy S., Moll RJ., James K., Oliver K., Makunin A., Barrett J., Gunson RN., Peacock SJ., Chand M., Harrison EM.
AbstractMitigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from international travel is a priority. We evaluated the effectiveness of travellers being required to quarantine for 14-days on return to England in Summer 2020. We identified 4,207 travel-related SARS-CoV-2 cases and their contacts, and identified 827 associated SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Overall, quarantine was associated with a lower rate of contacts, and the impact of quarantine was greatest in the 16–20 age-group. 186 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sufficiently unique to identify travel-related clusters. Fewer genomically-linked cases were observed for index cases who returned from countries with quarantine requirement compared to countries with no quarantine requirement. This difference was explained by fewer importation events per identified genome for these cases, as opposed to fewer onward contacts per case. Overall, our study demonstrates that a 14-day quarantine period reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the onward transmission of imported cases, mainly by dissuading travel to countries with a quarantine requirement.